Within the domain of Geotechnical Engineering my particular areas of interest are focused on foundations, natural slopes, surface and sub-surface excavations and excavation support systems, and their interaction both internally and with the surrounding environment. This ranges from in situ and laboratory characterisation of geo-materials, through analysis and design, to monitoring of geo-structures. My research interests continue this examination of the interaction between manmade structures and the ground, and I have a particular interest in the use of ground energy exchange systems integrated into foundations, retaining walls and tunnels, and the thermo-mechanical soil-structure interactions that this provokes. Sustainability issues associated with geo-structures (and construction generally) - reducing embodied energy and carbon intensity, reducing resource use and waste in construction, and increasing the re-use of materials/existing structures, is also an area of interest.